Word Count : 528

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When a uniform plane electromagnetic wave propagates in free space and strikes a boundary with a different material, the behavior of the wave can be analyzed using Maxwell’s equations and the boundary conditions at the interface. Let us denote the free space with permittivity (\varepsilon_0), permeability (\mu_0), and assume the material has permittivity (\varepsilon), permeability (\mu), and conductivity (\sigma). The wave is assumed to strike the boundary normally, so the analysis simplifies to one-dimensional propagation along the (z)-axis. The incident electric field vector is given as (\mathbf{E}_i = _______ ___ ________ ______ __________ ________ ________ ___.
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