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# Iodine Number, Saponification Number and Essential Fatty Acids The iodine number and saponification number are important chemical characteristics used to determine the nature and properties of fats and oils. In biochemistry and Biology for Chemists, these values provide useful information about the degree of unsaturation and the average molecular size of the fatty acids present in a fat. If a fat has a low iodine number and a high saponification number, certain definite conclusions can be drawn about its fatty acid composition. The concepts of essential fatty acids are also closely related to the biological importance of lipids and their role in human nutrition. The iodine number of a fat or oil is defined as the number of grams of iodine absorbed by 100 grams of fat. It is primarily a measure of the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids present in the fat. Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, and these double bonds can react with iodine or iodine-containing reagents. Therefore, the greater the number of double bonds, the greater is the amount of iodine that can be absorbed. A high iodine number indicates a high degree of unsaturation, whereas a low iodine number indicates that the fat contains predominantly saturated fatty acids or relatively few double bonds. __________ ____ ___ ____ ______ __________ _______.
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