a) Explain why Nitro group is meta-directing deactivator?

The nitro group (\(NO_2\)) is a meta-directing deactivator due to its strong electron-withdrawing nature and steric hindrance effects.

1. **Electron-Withdrawing Nature**: The nitro group contains an electronegative oxygen atom bonded to the nitrogen atom. This oxygen atom withdraws electron density from the benzene ring through the sigma bonds, and ______ _________ _________ ______ __________ _______.
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