a) Explain what do you understand by the terms persistence, refresh rate, resolution, aspect ratio, horizontal and vertical retrace.
b) Compute the pixel positions along the line path of the lien joining the points A and B(10,8).
c) Using the midpoint method and symmetry in account, develop an efficient method
for scan converting the curve n the interval [0, 10].
### (a) Explanation of Terms 1. Persistence: Persistence refers to the duration a pixel remains illuminated after being excited by an electron beam in a CRT display. It is measured in milliseconds (ms). A longer persistence results in more noticeable motion blur. 2. Refresh Rate: The refresh rate is the number of times per second the screen updates to display a new frame. It is measured in Hertz (Hz). A higher refresh rate (e.g., 60Hz, 120Hz) leads to smoother visuals and reduces flickering. 3. Resolution: Resolution defines the number of pixels displayed on the screen, usually represented as width × height (e.g., 1920×1080). A higher resolution means more _________ ________ ___ _______ _____ ________ ________ ___ _____.
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a) If the origin is taken as the centre of projection, then what will be the perspective projection when the projection plane passes through the point P(4,5,3) and has normal vector (1,2,−1).
b) Write a program that produces different views of a cuboid, that is, how the cuboid looks from the top, from the front or from the right.
c) Write a code to continuously rotate a pentagon about a corner point in the anti-clockwise direction.
a) Write a boundary fill procedure to fill an 8-connected region.
b) Let W be the window having two diagonally opposite corners at (10, 2) and (30, 15). Trace the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm for the line segment joining the points (0,0) and (15, 30).
a) Explain what do you understand by the terms persistence, refresh rate, resolution, aspect ratio, horizontal and vertical retrace.
b) Compute the pixel positions along the line path of the lien joining the points A and B(10,8).
c) Using the midpoint method and symmetry in account, develop an efficient method
for scan converting the curve n the interval [0, 10].
a) Devise an efficient algorithm that takes advantage of symmetry properties to display a sine function.
b) Prove that the reflection along the line y = −x is equivalent to reflection along the y-axis followed by a counter-clockwise rotation by 90◦ .
c) Shear a square whose opposite vertices are at (1,1) and (2,2) by i) 2 units along the x-axis and reference line y = 0
ii) 4 units along the y-axis and reference line x = 0.
a) Transform the quadrilateral ABCD with vertices A(1,0),B(4,−1),C(5,3) and D(−1,5) under a translation by the point (4, 5) followed by a counter-clockwise rotation by an angle of 45◦
.b) If you perform an x-direction shear transformation, and then a y-direction shear transformation, will the result be the same as the one which is obtained when it is simultaneous shear in both the directions? Justify your answer.
c) Let W be a window with corners (0,0),(8,0),(8,4) and (0,4). Clip a triangle with vertices (1,1),(10,2) and (5,9) against the window W by tracing Liang Barskey line clipping algorithm
a) What is the difference between a parallel projection and a perspective projection? Explain with examples.
b) What will be the perspective projection of a unit cube on the plane x = y if it is viewed from the point (1,2,0)? Justify your answer.
c) Transform the scene in the world coordinate system to the viewing coordinate system with viewpoint at (1,1,2). The view plane normal vector is(−4,2,5) and the view up vector is (1,4,0).
a) Consider a polygon with vertices at (5, 20), (12, 5), (15, 15), (25, 5), (30, 25), and (15, 30). Prepare a sorted edge list, and then make the active edge list for the
scanlines y = 5,10,15,20,25,30.
b) Develop and implement the flood fill algorithm.
c) Prove or disprove: "Multiplication of transformation matrices for two successive rotations is commutative."