a) Explain the working of Wien bridge oscillator. Calculate the value of resistors in the Wien bridge oscillator with frequency f = 5 kHz if 100 pF capacitors are used.

 b) State the criteria for obtaining sustained oscillations from an oscillator circuit. Draw the circuit of Hartley Oscillator. A Hartley oscillator oscillates with 500 kHz frequency. Determine the total inductance, L forming the tank circuit with 10 pF capacitor 

c) Design a shunt voltage regulator using a zener diode to give regulated 10 V dc output with maximum load current of 100 mA. Consider that input unregulated dc supply is 15 V and  Write down the voltage and power ratings of the zener diode and power rating of series resistor  in your circuit.

a) Working of Wien Bridge Oscillator and Calculation of Resistor Values

The Wien bridge oscillator is a type of electronic oscillator that generates sine waves. It is one of the most well-known and widely used sinusoidal oscillators. The Wien bridge oscillator consists of an amplifier (usually an op-amp) and a frequency-selective feedback network. This feedback network is made up of resistors and capacitors that determine the frequency of oscillation.

Working Principle:

The working of the Wien bridge oscillator is based on the Wien bridge network, which is a bridge circuit made up of two resistors and two capacitors. The feedback network is designed such that at a specific frequency, the phase shift across the bridge is zero, and the loop gain is exactly 1. At this point, sustained oscillations are possible. The bridge network is typically configured in a series-parallel arrangement of resistors and capacitors.

The condition for sustained oscillations in the Wien bridge oscillator is derived from the Barkhausen criterion, which states that ______ __________ ________ ____ __________ _______.
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