a) Define Pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax is a medical condition characterized by the presence of air in the pleural space, the area between the lung and the chest wall. This condition disrupts the negative pressure normally present in the pleural space, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung. Pneumothorax can be classified into several types based on its cause and severity, including spontaneous pneumothorax, traumatic pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, and iatrogenic pneumothorax.
1. Spontaneous Pneumothorax: This occurs without any apparent cause and is often associated with underlying lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, or cystic fibrosis. It can also happen in otherwise healthy individuals, often due to the rupture _________ ______ _________ ___ __________ _____ ______ _________ ______ _______ ____.
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