5. Define ‘inventive step’ under the Indian Patent Act with the help of suitable illustrations

Under the Indian Patent Act, the concept of "inventive step" is a crucial criterion for determining the patentability of an invention. Section 2(1)(ja) of the Indian Patent Act, 1970, defines inventive step as follows:

"An invention shall be considered as involving an inventive step if it is capable of having economic significance and if it does not consist of:

(a) a combination of known inventions or a combination of known inventions and known processes, or
(b) a mere discovery of a scientific principle or the formulation of an abstract theory or discovery of any living thing or non-living substance occurring in nature."

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