12-D concept
The 12-D concept in food microbiology is a critical principle used to ensure the safety of food products. It involves the calculation of the time and temperature combination required to achieve a specific level of microbial reduction or inactivation, typically expressed as a decimal reduction (D) value. The 12-D concept ____ ________ ____ _______ ________ ____ _____ _________ ___ ______ ________.
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