11Male (joe)

Female (ann)

he rule applicable to the knowledge base is say :

grandfather (X,Z) :-parent (X,Y),parent (Y, Z), male (X)Now perform following tasks :

i) Explain the actual meaning of above rule.

(ii) What will be the output when given knowledge base is inquired for

a.? –parent (X, sam)

b.Grandfather (X,Y)

Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Management: Understanding a Logic Rule

### I. Explanation of the Rule:

The given rule is a logical rule written in a form similar to Prolog, a programming language often used in artificial intelligence for symbolic reasoning and knowledge representation. Let's break down the rule to understand its meaning:

```prolog
grandfather(X, Z) :- parent(X, Y), parent(Y, Z), male(X).
```

Here's a breakdown of the rule:

- `grandfather(X, Z)`: This is a predicate, which means "X is the grandfather of Z."

- `:-`: This symbol can be read as "if" or "is true if."

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