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Temple towns in peninsular India represent an important phase in the history of urbanisation, where religious institutions became central to the growth and development of urban settlements. These towns emerged around major temples that functioned not only as centres of worship but also as economic, social, cultural, and political institutions. The development of temple towns was particularly significant in South India from the early medieval period onwards, especially under the Cholas, Pandyas, Pallavas, Hoysalas, and Vijayanagara rulers. The emergence of temple towns was closely linked with the expansion of agriculture and the formation of powerful regional kingdoms. Rulers granted land, villages, and revenue rights to temples, which enabled these institutions to become major centres of economic activity. Temples received donations from kings, merchants, and local communities, allowing them to maintain large establishments. The surplus generated from agricultural production supported artisans, traders, priests, and service groups who settled around __________ ___ ________ __________ _______ ________ __________ _____ _________ __________.
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