Write a note on Compulsory licence.

Compulsory licensing is a legal mechanism that allows a government to permit the use of a patented invention without the consent of the patent holder under specific conditions. This provision aims to balance the interests of intellectual property (IP) rights holders with those of the public, ensuring that patents do not unduly restrict access to essential goods and services, particularly in times of public need or crisis. Compulsory licensing plays a significant role in the context of copyright and related rights, especially when the patented product or service is essential for public welfare, public health, or technological advancement.

Legal Framework for Compulsory Licensing

The legal basis for compulsory licensing can be found in several international agreements, most notably the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. Under Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement, compulsory licensing is recognized as a permissible exception to the exclusive rights granted to patent holders. It stipulates that a government can issue a compulsory license under certain circumstances, such as in cases of national emergency, public non-commercial use, or to remedy anti-competitive practices.

TRIPS also sets out the conditions under which compulsory licenses may be granted. These include ensuring that the patent holder ____ ____ ________ ________ ____ ______ ______ ___ __________ ______ ____.
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