What is the provision concerning the compulsory licensing of patents?

The provision concerning compulsory licensing of patents, particularly within the context of the international framework for patent protection, seeks to strike a balance between the exclusive rights granted to patent holders and the broader public interest. Compulsory licensing allows a government to authorize the use of a patented invention by a third party or government agency without the consent of the patent owner, under certain conditions. This concept is particularly relevant under international agreements such as the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which is administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Under Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement, compulsory licensing is recognized as a legitimate mechanism for governments to ensure access to patented technologies, especially in situations where public interest outweighs the interests of the patent holder. However, this provision also includes certain ____ ______ __________ _________ ___ __________ ___ ________ ____.
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