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Systems biology is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on understanding biological processes as integrated and interacting networks of genes, proteins, metabolites, and cells, rather than studying them in isolation. It aims to provide a holistic view of biological systems by combining experimental data with computational modeling, mathematical analysis, and bioinformatics tools. Unlike traditional reductionist approaches, which dissect individual components of a system, systems biology emphasizes the interactions, dynamics, and emergent properties that arise from these interactions, offering a more comprehensive understanding of cellular function, disease mechanisms, and organismal behavior. A central concept in systems biology is the network perspective, where genes, proteins, and metabolites are represented as nodes connected by edges that _______ ________ _____ ___ ________ ______ _____ ________ _________ _____.
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