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Social Comparison Theory is a concept from social psychology, introduced by Leon Festinger in 1954, which holds that people have an inherent drive to evaluate their own opinions, abilities, and worth by comparing themselves with others. ([Wikipedia][1]) These comparisons help reduce uncertainty about one's standing, improve self‐knowledge, and guide self‐improvement. There are typically two types of comparisons emphasized: upward comparisons (comparing to someone perceived as better-off or more skilled) and downward comparisons (comparing to someone worse-off). Upward comparisons can motivate but also lead to feelings of inferiority, envy or anxiety. Downward comparisons may bolster self‐esteem, but can also encourage complacency. ([Wikipedia][1]) --- In Communication and Media Studies, Social Comparison Theory becomes especially relevant in how media (both mass media and social media) provide abundant material for such comparisons, often idealised or filtered, which affect self‐identity, self‐esteem, and behaviour. The mediated self is not just what one sees in “real life” but what is curated, selected, edited, and amplified via media channels. How social media influences social comparison in everyday life: 1. Selective and idealized presentation Users tend to share the highlight reel of their lives: successes, special moments, filtered photos, achievements, etc. What is shown is rarely the full story, so others comparing against that tend to feel their own lives are “ordinary” by comparison. This becomes more intense when filters, image editing, or curated content make appearances closer to ideal standards. ([OxJournal][2]) 2. Feedback metrics: likes, comments, followers The presence _____ __________ ____ ___ ________ _______ ____ ________ ______ ________ ____ _____.
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