. What is ripening? Describe the compositional changes that occur during ripening of fruits.

Ripening is a complex physiological process in fruits that marks their transition from growth and development to maturation and eventual senescence. It involves a series of biochemical and physiological changes that lead to the development of desirable sensory attributes, such as color, flavor, texture, and aroma, making the fruit more palatable and nutritionally beneficial.

### Compositional Changes During Ripening

1. Carbohydrates:  
   During ripening, starches stored in fruits, particularly in climacteric fruits like bananas and mangoes, are broken down into simpler sugars such as glucose, fructose, ______ _____ _____ _______ _______ __________ _________ ___ _____ ___.
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