What is meant by farrowing? Discuss the care and management of sows before, during and after farrowing.

Farrowing refers to the process of parturition or giving birth in pigs. It is a critical phase in the reproductive cycle of swine, particularly in commercial pig farming. The health and productivity of both the sow and her piglets depend greatly on the care and management provided before, during, and after farrowing. Proper farrowing practices not only enhance animal welfare but also have a significant impact on the economics of pig farming, influencing piglet survival rates, growth performance, and ultimately, the livelihood of farmers dependent on swine production.

Care and Management of Sows Before Farrowing

Pre-farrowing care of sows begins approximately one to two weeks prior to the expected date of parturition. During this period, the focus is on ensuring the sow's health, comfort, and readiness for delivery, which significantly affects the outcome of farrowing and piglet survival.

1. Housing and Environment: Sows should be moved to a clean, dry, and well-ventilated farrowing pen about a week before farrowing. The pen must be disinfected thoroughly to reduce the risk of infections. Farrowing crates are often used in commercial farms to restrict the movement of sows and prevent piglets from being crushed, though their use must balance productivity with animal welfare concerns.

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