What is immune deficiency? Explain how our immune system prevents autoimmunity?

Immune deficiency refers to a condition in which the immune system's ability to defend the body against harmful pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, is impaired. This deficiency can either be congenital (present from birth) or acquired (developing later in life). Immunodeficiencies can affect various components of the immune system, including T cells, B cells, phagocytes, and the complement system. Primary immunodeficiencies are typically inherited genetic disorders that result in malfunctioning or absent immune cells or proteins, while secondary immunodeficiencies are often caused by external factors like infections (e.g., HIV), medications (e.g., chemotherapy), or malnutrition.

There are two main types of immune deficiencies: primary and secondary. Primary immune deficiencies result from genetic mutations affecting the development or function of immune cells, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections. Examples of primary immunodeficiencies include severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), which results in a lack of functional T __________ __________ __________ __________ ___ _____ ___.
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