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Human genetics is the branch of genetics that focuses on the study of inheritance, variation, and the molecular structure and function of genes in humans. It deals with how traits and diseases are passed down from one generation to the next, how genetic material functions and mutates, and how these changes manifest in individuals and populations. Human genetics encompasses a wide range of subfields, including classical genetics, molecular genetics, cytogenetics, population genetics, and genomics. These areas collectively help in understanding the structure, function, and evolution of the human genome and its implications for health, behavior, development, and adaptation. At the core of human genetics lies the study of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the molecule that encodes the genetic instructions for building and maintaining the human body. Genes, which are segments of DNA, serve as the functional units of heredity. They encode proteins that carry out various structural and functional roles in cells and tissues. Human beings have about 20,000–25,000 genes, located on 23 pairs of chromosomes. Each individual inherits one set of chromosomes from each parent, which results in a unique combination of genetic traits. This inheritance pattern forms the basis of the genetic _____ __________ _________ ____ _______ ________ _______ ____.
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