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Extended Producer Responsibility represents a policy approach under which producers are assigned significant responsibility—financial, physical, or both—for the treatment, recycling, or safe disposal of products once they reach end-of-life. The principle is rooted in corporate ethics and governance because it shifts accountability beyond the point of sale, ensuring that companies internalize the environmental costs of their products instead of transferring the burden to society or the state. By mandating responsible behavior across the product lifecycle, EPR reinforces transparency, corporate responsibility, and sustainable business practices. It also encourages producers to design environmentally friendly products, reduce waste generation, and contribute to a circular economy. In India, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has notified EPR rules across multiple sectors, including plastic waste management, e-waste management, battery waste management, and used oil. These rules were framed to ensure that producers, importers, and brand owners adopt responsible practices aligned with environmental protection and ethical corporate governance. Under these rules, producers are required to minimize the environmental footprint of their products by taking responsibility for collection, recycling, and environmentally sound disposal. This approach establishes clear obligations ________ ______ ___ ___ _______ ______.
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