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A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region that is both rich in biodiversity and under significant threat due to human activities. The concept was introduced by Norman Myers in 1988 and later expanded by Conservation International. To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, a region must meet two strict criteria: it must have at least 1,500 species of vascular plants as endemics (species found nowhere else on Earth), and it must have lost at least 70% of its original natural vegetation. These areas are considered globally significant for conservation due to the high number of endemic species and the degree of threat they face. Biodiversity hotspots are crucial for maintaining ecological balance. They harbor species that contribute to various ecological functions such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation. The loss of biodiversity in these areas can lead to ecological instability and affect human well-being through the loss of ecosystem services. As of now, 36 regions worldwide are recognized as biodiversity hotspots, representing just 2.3% of Earth's land surface but containing more than half of the _________ _______ __________ _________ ______.
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