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The informal sector in India is vast and multifaceted, encompassing a significant portion of the country's workforce. According to estimates, over 90% of the Indian workforce is engaged in informal employment. These workers operate outside the regulatory framework, lacking formal contracts, job security, and access to social protection. Human Resource Planning (HRP), which aims to ensure the right number of people with the right skills are in the right place at the right time, faces significant hurdles in addressing the issues related to informal workers. The integration of this workforce into the broader economic and labor planning framework is a major concern for policymakers. There are several challenges faced by informal sector workers in India, which hinder both their personal development and the growth potential of the economy. One of the primary challenges is the lack of job security and social protection. Informal sector workers are not covered under labor laws that ensure minimum wages, health benefits, pensions, or insurance. This leaves them highly vulnerable to exploitation and poverty, especially during times of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which revealed the fragility of their economic conditions. Many informal workers lost their livelihoods and had no fallback mechanisms, highlighting the urgent need for inclusive social safety nets as part of broader HR planning. Another significant issue is the absence of skill development opportunities. Many informal workers are engaged in low-skill, low-productivity jobs, often acquired through informal apprenticeships or inherited from family members. There is little to no formal training or certification, making it difficult for these workers to improve their employability or transition to the formal sector. This poses a major challenge for human resource planners aiming to enhance the productivity and efficiency of the national workforce. The informal sector also suffers from poor working conditions. Many workers operate in unsafe, unhealthy, and unhygienic environments, ____ _______ _____ _______ _____ _______ __________ ______ _____ ______.
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