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Urban livelihood concerns are central to the process of sustainable development and the creation of smart cities. The urban environment offers diverse economic opportunities, yet it is also marked by high levels of inequality, insecurity, and environmental stress. As cities continue to grow, especially in developing countries, the ability of urban residents to secure sustainable livelihoods becomes a crucial determinant of social stability, economic progress, and ecological balance. Livelihood concerns in cities go beyond income generation; they encompass access to decent work, basic services, housing, safety, and social inclusion, all of which form the foundation for achieving sustainable urban futures. Urban livelihood concerns arise primarily due to rapid urbanization, inadequate planning, and the structural transformation of economies. One of the most pressing issues is the high level of informal employment. A large proportion of urban dwellers in developing countries depend on informal jobs such as street vending, waste picking, construction work, domestic labor, and small-scale manufacturing. These forms of employment are often insecure, poorly paid, and lack legal protection or social benefits. Informal workers are vulnerable to eviction, exploitation, and harassment, especially when city authorities prioritize beautification and smart infrastructure over inclusive growth. The absence of labor rights, social security, and occupational safety further exacerbates their vulnerability. Another significant ________ ________ ___ _____ ___ ___.
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