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Caste and occupation have historically been deeply intertwined in Indian society, forming a critical axis of social stratification. Caste, as a hierarchical social system, has traditionally dictated the occupational roles of individuals, often legitimized through religious, cultural, and legal frameworks. This relationship between caste and occupation is central to understanding social inequality, mobility, and identity in India. The caste system, rooted in the ancient Varna model described in Hindu scriptures, divides society into four broad categories: Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (traders and agriculturists), and Shudras (laborers and service providers). Outside this classification are the Dalits, historically referred to as "untouchables," who were assigned occupations considered impure or polluting. Although the Varna system was an ideological construct, it became rigid through the evolution of the Jati system—a complex network of thousands of endogamous groups associated with specific occupations. One of the key features of caste-based occupational division is its hereditary nature. Individuals are born into a caste and are expected to follow the traditional occupation of their group. This ascriptive mode of stratification has led to occupational immobility, limiting individuals’ opportunities for social and economic advancement. A Brahmin child is expected to become a priest or teacher, just as a Dalit child may be compelled to engage in manual scavenging, regardless of personal talents or aspirations. Such rigidity has historically denied agency to individuals, reinforcing intergenerational inequality. The link between caste and occupation has served to justify economic exploitation and social exclusion. Higher castes, particularly Brahmins and Kshatriyas, have historically enjoyed privileged access to education, land, and political power, while lower castes were systematically excluded. Occupations associated with Dalits—such as skinning animals, cleaning latrines, and cremating bodies—were not __________ ______ _______ ____ _________ ____ ___ ____ _______ _______.
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