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The *Ramayana* and *Mahabharata* hold a foundational place in the Indian folk literary tradition and are central to the rich and diverse heritage of oral epics in India. While these epics have been transmitted through written texts like Valmiki’s *Ramayana* or Vyasa’s *Mahabharata*, their life and continued cultural relevance have significantly depended on oral traditions. From recitations and performances in village gatherings to adaptations in regional languages and folk styles, the oral transmission of these epics has kept them alive across generations, regions, and communities. The Indian subcontinent's cultural imagination is deeply shaped by these epics, and their stories form the core of various oral narratives, dramatic traditions, and performance arts. One of the most distinctive features of the oral tradition in India is its fluidity. Unlike the fixed nature of written texts, oral narratives allow for dynamic retellings and regional variations. The *Ramayana* and *Mahabharata* have been retold in countless versions, adapting to local idioms, cultural values, and historical circumstances. For instance, the *Kamba Ramayanam* in Tamil, the *Ramcharitmanas* by Tulsidas in Awadhi, and tribal __________ ________ ________ _________ ______ _________ _______.
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