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Applied anthropology, a subfield of anthropology, has experienced significant growth over the past century. Traditionally, anthropology focused on understanding human cultures, societies, and biological aspects in a more academic or theoretical context. However, the rise of applied anthropology has marked a shift from the academic to the practical, emphasizing the use of anthropological theories, methods, and knowledge to address real-world issues. Applied anthropology integrates both theoretical and practical dimensions, making it highly relevant in today's globalized and complex world. ### Growth of Applied Anthropology The origins of applied anthropology can be traced back to colonial times, when anthropologists were often employed by colonial administrations to understand and manage colonized populations. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, anthropologists were involved in advising colonial officers about the customs and practices of indigenous populations, mainly in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. This phase is often viewed critically today, as it contributed to the control and domination of indigenous groups. However, after World War II, the discipline underwent a significant transformation. The post-war period saw a heightened interest in development and modernization, especially in newly independent nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Anthropologists were recruited to assist in development projects focusing on agriculture, education, health, and community development. This marked the beginning of applied anthropology in its modern form, distinct from its colonial past. During the 1950s and 1960s, applied anthropology gained momentum in the United States and Europe as anthropologists began working outside academia—in government agencies, NGOs, healthcare organizations, and private companies. The establishment of professional organizations such as the Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA) in 1941 played a crucial role in legitimizing and formalizing applied anthropology as a distinct field. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was a growing critique within the discipline regarding the role of anthropologists in development and policy-making, particularly concerning issues of ethics, power imbalance, and community representation. This led to more participatory and reflexive methods, such as ______ ___ ___ _________ ___ __________ ____ _____ __________ _________.
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