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Name: Ravan Enrolment Number: __________ Email ID: __________ Regional Centre: __________ Study Centre: __________ Programme Title and Code: __________ Course Title and Code: __________ Tutorial Code: __________ Psychological disorders are patterns of behavior, thinking, or emotion that cause significant distress or impairment in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. Understanding these disorders requires a scientific, empathetic, and multidimensional approach that considers biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors. Psychological disorders are not simply personal weaknesses or moral failings; they are complex conditions influenced by genetic vulnerability, brain chemistry, early life experiences, family environment, stress, and broader social contexts. The concept of abnormality is central to understanding psychological disorders. Abnormal behavior is typically characterized by deviation from social norms, maladaptive functioning, personal distress, and unpredictability. However, defining abnormality is not always straightforward because cultural expectations and social values influence judgments about what is considered normal or deviant. For example, behaviors accepted in one culture may be seen as unusual in another. Therefore, mental health professionals rely on standardized diagnostic systems such as the DSM and ICD to classify and diagnose disorders based on specific criteria. Psychological disorders can be broadly categorized into several groups. Anxiety disorders include ____ _______ ________ ____ _______.
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