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Active microwave remote sensing is a technique that involves the transmission of microwave signals from a sensor (usually mounted on a satellite or aircraft) towards the Earth's surface and the measurement of the backscattered signal. Unlike passive sensors that rely on naturally emitted radiation, active sensors generate their own source of energy, making them capable of acquiring data regardless of sunlight and under all weather conditions, including cloud cover, rain, or darkness. There are two main types of active microwave sensors: radar and scatterometer. Among them, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is the most widely used. SAR systems provide high-resolution images and can capture both amplitude and phase information of the returned signal. The radar signal interacts with the surface features depending on surface roughness, moisture content, dielectric ____ _________ ______ ____ ________ _______ ______ ___ ___ __________ _______ ________.
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