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Experimental research is a systematic and scientific method used to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables. In social work research, experimental methods are applied to test the effectiveness of interventions, programmes, and policies designed to improve the well-being of individuals, families, and communities. The fundamental objective of experimental research is to determine whether a particular treatment or intervention produces a measurable change in the dependent variable. This is achieved through a structured process that involves several well-defined steps, ensuring reliability, validity, and scientific rigor. The first step in experimental research is the identification and formulation of the research problem. The researcher begins by clearly defining the issue or problem that requires investigation. In social work, this problem may relate to the effectiveness of counseling programmes, community development initiatives, rehabilitation services, or welfare schemes. A well-defined research problem helps in focusing the study and determining the variables that will be examined. The problem statement should be specific, researchable, and relevant to social work practice. The second step involves a thorough review of related literature. In this stage, the researcher examines existing studies, theories, reports, and scholarly publications related to the research problem. Reviewing literature helps the researcher understand what has already been studied, identify gaps in knowledge, and develop a theoretical foundation for the experiment. It also assists in refining the research problem and selecting appropriate variables and methods for __________ _______ ___ ___ __________ ________ ________ ____ _________.
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