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In India, the growing burden of HIV/AIDS necessitates a multi-disciplinary response, with social workers and lay counsellors playing vital roles in prevention, care, and support services. With the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) spearheading the country's efforts in HIV/AIDS control, trained social workers and lay counsellors have found a substantial and evolving scope in this public health domain. Their participation is crucial not only in providing psychosocial support to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) but also in addressing the underlying social determinants that perpetuate vulnerability, including substance abuse, stigma, poverty, and gender-based inequalities. In the context of prevention of substance abuse, their role becomes even more relevant, as substance use—especially injectable drugs—is a major driver of HIV transmission in India. Trained social workers are professionally equipped with knowledge and skills in case management, psychosocial assessment, community mobilization, advocacy, and policy implementation. Their work spans the micro (individual and family), mezzo (group), and macro (community and policy) levels of intervention. In the context of HIV/AIDS, social workers engage in outreach, education, counseling, rehabilitation, and linking clients with services such as health care, legal aid, livelihood support, and substance abuse treatment. Lay counsellors, often drawn from the community, complement the work of social workers by offering culturally appropriate, accessible, and sustained emotional support, while also playing a critical role in adherence counseling, peer education, and behavior change communication. One of the key areas of involvement for both trained social workers and lay counsellors is in prevention education, particularly among high-risk groups such as people who inject drugs (PWID), sex workers, truck drivers, migrants, and men who have sex with men (MSM). Social workers develop and deliver tailored intervention programs that focus on harm reduction, safe sexual ___ _______ ____ ____ ____ _________ ___ ________ ___ ____ _____.
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