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India’s role in climate policy formulation and deliberations has been both significant and complex, shaped by its unique position as a developing country with one of the world’s largest populations, rapid economic growth, and deep vulnerabilities to the impacts of climate change. As a nation, India has been at the forefront of climate negotiations, balancing the twin imperatives of ensuring sustainable development while contributing to global efforts to address climate change. Understanding India’s role requires examining its domestic strategies, international commitments, negotiating positions in global forums, and its leadership in fostering collective action among developing nations. India’s historical stance on climate policy has been influenced by the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities” (CBDR-RC), enshrined in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This principle argues that developed countries, which have contributed most to historical greenhouse gas emissions, should bear greater responsibility for mitigation and provide financial and technological assistance to developing nations. India has consistently emphasized equity in climate negotiations, highlighting that its per capita emissions remain significantly lower than those of industrialized nations, even though it is among the top emitters in aggregate terms due to its large population. This stance has shaped its engagement in global climate forums, where India has often positioned itself as a voice of the Global South. India’s domestic climate policies form the foundation of its international credibility in climate deliberations. The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), launched in 2008, is a central framework that outlines eight national missions, such as the National Solar Mission, the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, and the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture. These missions aim to foster a shift toward renewable energy, enhance energy efficiency, and build resilience in sectors vulnerable to climate impacts. In addition, several state action plans complement the national strategy, creating a decentralized approach to climate action. _______ _________ ____ ______ ________ _______.
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