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Wholesome meat production is based on scientific principles of food chemistry, microbiology, animal physiology, and hygiene that ensure meat is safe, nutritious, and suitable for human consumption. It begins at the farm level and continues through slaughter, processing, storage, and distribution. The primary objective is to maintain the chemical integrity, microbiological safety, and sensory quality of meat while preventing contamination, spoilage, and adulteration. The first principle of wholesome meat production is the health and proper management of food animals. Meat quality is directly influenced by the animal’s genetics, nutrition, environment, and health status. Balanced feeding ensures appropriate muscle development and desirable composition of proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Adequate nutrition affects glycogen reserves in muscle, which are essential for post-mortem glycolysis and the formation of lactic acid. This biochemical process lowers muscle pH from about 7.0 to approximately 5.4–5.8, contributing to tenderness, flavor, color stability, and microbial inhibition. Poor feeding or stress before slaughter can deplete glycogen, resulting in abnormal meat conditions such as dark, firm, and dry (DFD) meat or pale, soft, and exudative ____ ___ __________ _______ _________ _____ ________.
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