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Infrared (IR) spectrometry is based on the principle that molecules absorb specific frequencies of infrared radiation, causing changes in their vibrational energy levels. Each type of chemical bond in a molecule has a characteristic vibrational frequency, which allows for the identification of functional groups within the molecule. The underlying principle of IR spectrometry relies on the interaction of infrared radiation with molecular vibrations, including stretching and bending motions of bonds. When IR radiation passes through a sample, certain wavelengths are absorbed by the molecule, resulting in a spectrum that represents the molecular fingerprint of the sample. This fingerprint can be used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds, as well as to study molecular structure and bonding. The instrumentation of IR spectrometry typically involves a source of infrared radiation, a sample holder or cell, a monochromator or interferometer, and a detector. The source, such as a Globar or Nernst filament, emits infrared radiation, which passes through the sample. In Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, an ________ ______ __________ ______ ______ _________ ___ ____.
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