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The legal framework for the protection of the rights of people living with HIV/AIDS in India has evolved through years of social activism, judicial interventions, and government initiatives that sought to strike a balance between public health concerns and individual human rights. Since the discovery of HIV/AIDS in the 1980s, the disease has not only posed a medical challenge but also exposed deep social prejudices, resulting in stigma, discrimination, and human rights violations. In India, which is home to the third-largest population of people living with HIV, the need for a clear legal and policy framework became evident. The Indian legal system has responded to this by enacting specific legislation, framing policies, and pronouncing progressive judicial decisions aimed at protecting the dignity, equality, and rights of people affected by HIV/AIDS. The central piece of legislation governing this area is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Prevention and Control) Act, 2017. This Act was the result of years of consultation between the government, civil society organizations, people living with HIV/AIDS, and international bodies such as UNAIDS. Before the enactment of this law, the rights of HIV-positive individuals were primarily protected through constitutional guarantees, judicial interpretation, and piecemeal policies. The 2017 Act marked a historic step by giving statutory recognition to the rights of people living with HIV and imposing legal obligations on the state and society to ensure their protection. One of the foundational pillars of the Indian legal framework is the constitutional protection offered under the Constitution of India. The right to equality under Article 14, protection against discrimination under Article 15, and the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 have been interpreted by courts to extend to people living with HIV/AIDS. The Supreme Court and various High Courts have repeatedly affirmed that denying employment, education, or healthcare to HIV-positive persons violates their fundamental rights. For example, in *MX of Bombay Indian Inhabitant v. M/s ZY*, the Bombay High Court held ________ ___ _______ ______ ______ ________.
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