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Climate change poses a growing and multifaceted threat to public health infrastructure across the globe. Rising global temperatures, erratic weather patterns, sea-level rise, and an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events directly and indirectly challenge the functionality, resilience, and capacity of health systems. In the context of the impacts of climate change, public health infrastructure—which encompasses hospitals, clinics, laboratories, supply chains, emergency response systems, and water and sanitation networks—is facing unprecedented strain. The implications span both physical infrastructure and the human resource base needed to deliver health services. One of the most direct impacts of climate change on public health infrastructure is the increase in heat-related illnesses. Rising temperatures lead to more frequent and intense heatwaves, particularly in urban areas where the urban heat island effect exacerbates temperature spikes. Hospitals and emergency services are seeing an increase in admissions related to heatstroke, dehydration, and exacerbation of pre-existing cardiovascular and respiratory conditions. Inadequately prepared health facilities, especially in low-resource settings, often lack the necessary cooling systems, insulation, or capacity to deal with sudden surges in patients during heat events, thereby compromising patient care and staff welfare. Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, and wildfires, have catastrophic impacts on health infrastructure. These events can physically damage health facilities, disrupt power supply, disable critical equipment, destroy medical records, and sever transportation and supply chains. For example, flooding can contaminate water supplies, spread waterborne diseases like cholera and typhoid, and render hospitals inaccessible. Cyclones and hurricanes can force evacuation or temporary closure of hospitals, impacting continuity of care. In wildfire-prone regions, air quality deteriorates drastically, leading to a spike in respiratory illnesses, while also potentially displacing entire populations, which increases demand on already strained health systems. Climate change also intensifies the spread of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, _________ ___ ________ _______ ______ _______ __________ __________ _______ ___ ___ ________.
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