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Dependency theory emerged as a critical response to modernization theory, challenging the notion that all nations progress through a similar linear path toward industrialization and development. Rooted in Marxist thought, dependency theory posits that the global economic system is inherently structured to benefit a few core industrialized nations at the expense of peripheral, less-developed nations. Its central proposition is that underdevelopment in the global South is not a natural stage of development but rather a direct consequence of their historical incorporation into a global capitalist system dominated by industrialized countries. This structural relationship results in a situation where the economic growth of developed countries depends on the continued exploitation and dependency of developing nations. The basic propositions of dependency theory revolve around the ideas of structural inequality, external exploitation, and internal class alliances that reinforce dependency. Firstly, dependency theorists argue that the world economy is organized in a hierarchical structure where core nations control technology, capital, and decision-making processes, while peripheral nations supply raw materials, cheap labor, and serve as markets for finished goods. This unequal exchange perpetuates a cycle of dependency, wherein peripheral countries cannot develop autonomously but remain subordinated to the needs of the global capitalist system. Secondly, they claim _______ ___ __________ __________ _____.
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