Explain Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and the components of PKI. What are the Advantages of PKI over Private Key System? Discuss the Uses of PKI and challenges in using PKI.

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a framework that enables secure communication and data exchange over the internet or other networks. PKI uses a pair of cryptographic keys, namely a public key and a private key, to secure the transmission of data. The public key is used to encrypt data, while the private key is used to decrypt it. PKI also includes policies, procedures, and standards for the management, distribution, and storage of these cryptographic keys.

The primary components of PKI include:

1. Public and Private Keys: These are the core components of PKI. The public key is available to anyone who wishes to send a secure message, while the private key is kept secret by the recipient to decrypt the message.

2. Certificate Authority (CA): A CA is a trusted entity responsible for issuing digital certificates. These certificates verify the authenticity of public keys, ensuring that they belong to the claimed entity (individual or organization). The CA certifies the identity of the key owner, which adds a layer of trust to the system.

3. Registration Authority (RA): The RA acts as a mediator between the user and the CA. It is responsible for receiving requests for digital __________ _________ ____ ______ ____ _______ ________ ______ _______.
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