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Education in India is fundamentally guided by the Constitution, which provides both a philosophical foundation and a legal framework for governance and management of the educational system. The Preamble of the Constitution establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic and emphasizes justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. These principles directly influence educational governance by promoting equal access to education for all, ensuring freedom of thought and expression, and striving to reduce inequalities in educational opportunities. The Preamble’s emphasis on social justice mandates affirmative action in education for marginalized groups, including Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and other disadvantaged communities, creating a framework for policies and schemes that promote inclusivity and equity in schooling and higher education. Article 21A explicitly enshrines the right to free and compulsory education for children aged six to fourteen years as a fundamental right. This article mandates the State to provide adequate infrastructure, trained teachers, and inclusive learning environments, ensuring that every child receives quality education without financial barriers. The management of education under Article 21A requires both central and state governments to develop policy frameworks, fund schools, monitor compliance, and promote curriculum standards. It also influences the establishment of mechanisms like the Right to Education Act (RTE) of 2009, which operationalizes Article 21A. The RTE Act outlines the responsibilities of educational institutions, prescribes norms and standards for school infrastructure, teacher-student ratios, and prohibits discrimination in _____ ______ ______ _____ __________ _______ ______ _________.
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