Explain GIS data models. Support your answer with suitable diagrams, wherever necessary.

Geographic Information System (GIS) data models define how spatial data is structured, stored, and represented within a GIS. These models are essential for analyzing and managing geographic information effectively. The two primary GIS data models are vector and raster, each suited for different types of spatial data and applications.

1. Vector Data Model

The vector data model represents geographic features using points, lines, and polygons. It is widely used for mapping discrete features such as roads, boundaries, and landmarks.

Components of the Vector Data Model

1. Point Data

   • Represents a single location using X, Y coordinates.
   • Examples: Wells, towers, cities, trees.

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