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The politics of climate change negotiations between the Global North and Global South have been a defining characteristic of international climate diplomacy since the inception of the global climate agenda. This North-South divide is rooted in historical, economic, and developmental disparities, and reflects the deep inequities that shape global power relations. At its core, the debate centers on the principle of equity, justice, and responsibility, especially when addressing an issue like climate change, which has disproportionate impacts on different regions of the world despite being driven largely by the emissions of industrialized nations. The North-South politics in climate change negotiations reveal a persistent contest over who bears the burden of mitigation, who finances adaptation, and how technology and resources are shared in the transition to a low-carbon future. The origins of the North-South divide in climate change negotiations lie in the historical responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions. Developed countries in the Global North underwent industrialization over the past two centuries, emitting vast quantities of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which have accumulated in the atmosphere and triggered global warming. By contrast, many nations in the Global South have only recently begun to industrialize and their per capita emissions remain significantly lower. This has given rise to the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR), which was enshrined in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992. This principle acknowledges that while all countries share responsibility for addressing climate change, developed nations bear a greater obligation due to their historical emissions and higher capacity to act. The North-South politics are thus largely shaped by how this principle is interpreted and operationalized in global climate agreements. One of the central points of contention in climate negotiations is the question of mitigation commitments. The Global North, with its technological advantage and _________ ____ ____ __________ _____ _________ _____ ________ ________ _________.
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