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The politics of climate change negotiations have long been shaped by the divide between the Global North and the Global South, reflecting broader historical, economic, and social inequalities. This North-South divide is not merely geographical but is rooted in the structures of global power, development trajectories, and historical responsibilities for greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding this dynamic is crucial to unpacking the complexities of climate diplomacy, as the negotiations are not just about carbon reduction but also about justice, equity, and survival for many vulnerable communities. At the heart of the North-South politics lies the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities” (CBDR-RC), which was enshrined in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992. This principle recognizes that while climate change is a shared global challenge, the burdens and responsibilities of addressing it cannot be distributed equally. The industrialized nations of the North are historically responsible for the bulk of carbon emissions, having pursued fossil fuel–driven growth since the Industrial Revolution. By contrast, the South, comprising largely developing countries, has contributed far less to cumulative emissions but faces disproportionate vulnerabilities due to weaker infrastructure, higher dependence on climate-sensitive sectors like agriculture, and limited adaptive capacity. The Global North, primarily the United States, the European Union, Japan, and other developed economies, has often emphasized mitigation—reducing current and future emissions—as the central focus of negotiations. Their narrative underscores technological innovation, renewable energy transitions, and market mechanisms like carbon trading. The South, however, insists that adaptation and equity must receive equal weight, as for many countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the immediate concern is coping with the devastating impacts of floods, droughts, cyclones, sea-level rise, and food insecurity. This divergence ______ _____ ________ _______ ___ _____ _______ _______ ____ ________.
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