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Iqbal’s critique of nationalism emerges from his philosophical and spiritual understanding of the human self and the role of the community in Islam. He argued that nationalism, particularly in its territorial and secular form, fragments the moral unity of humankind by elevating geographical boundaries over spiritual bonds. For Iqbal, the idea of nationhood based on land, language, or ethnicity promotes collective egoism and becomes a modern form of idolatry, replacing the universal message of Islam __________ _______ ______ ________ __________ ________ _________ __________ _______ ____ ____ _________.
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