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The student admission system is one of the most important subsystems in educational institutions because it ensures the enrollment of students in a systematic and organized manner. A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is widely used in systems analysis and design to represent the flow of data and processes in a structured way. By drawing DFDs, the analyst can understand how information moves within the system, the external entities involved, the processes that transform data, and the data stores that retain information. For the student admission system, the DFD can be drawn up to the third level to illustrate the details of processes step by step. The DFD begins with the context diagram, which is level 0. The context diagram represents the entire admission system as a single process and shows the external entities interacting with it. The primary external entities are the applicant (student), the admission officer, and sometimes the academic department. The data flowing in includes student admission forms, eligibility documents, and application details, while the data flowing out includes admission confirmation, rejection letters, or requests for further documents. At this high level, the student admission system is represented as a black box with input and output data exchanges between the system and external entities. In the level 0 context diagram, the student entity submits an application form and supporting documents to the student admission system. The admission officer interacts with the system to review details and verify them. The system responds by producing admission decisions in the form of confirmation slips, waiting list notifications, or rejection letters. Additionally, data may be forwarded to academic departments for subject allocation or counseling purposes. This high-level diagram helps stakeholders understand the scope of the system without diving into technical details. Moving to the first-level DFD, also known as level 1, the single process of the student admission system is decomposed into major subprocesses. The major processes in level 1 typically include application submission, document verification, eligibility checking, fee payment, and admission confirmation. Each of these processes is linked by data flows _____ ___ _______ __________ _________ _______ __________ ____ ______ _________.
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