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In the field of disaster management, the terms disaster and hazard are closely related but conceptually distinct, and understanding the difference between them is essential for effective planning, mitigation, and response. A hazard refers to a potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon, or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury, property damage, environmental degradation, or social and economic disruption. A disaster, on the other hand, is the serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society when a hazard actually impacts vulnerable conditions and overwhelms local capacity to cope using its own resources. A hazard is essentially a source of potential harm. It may be natural, such as earthquakes, floods, cyclones, droughts, landslides, volcanic eruptions, or epidemics, or human-induced, such as industrial accidents, chemical spills, nuclear radiation, fires, dam failures, and acts of terrorism. Hazards exist independently of human presence and may remain dormant or inactive for long periods. For ______ __________ ___ ______ ________ ______.
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