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Agriculture has historically occupied a central position in India’s economic planning and rural development strategy. In order to address the challenges of food security, rural poverty, low farm productivity, environmental degradation, and agrarian distress, the Government of India formulated comprehensive policy frameworks, notably the National Agricultural Policy (2000) and the National Policy for Farmers (2007). These policies aim to promote sustainable agricultural growth, enhance farmers’ incomes, ensure food and nutritional security, and integrate Indian agriculture with global markets while protecting the interests of small and marginal farmers. The National Agricultural Policy was announced in July 2000 with the objective of achieving a growth rate exceeding 4 percent per annum in the agriculture sector. One of its salient features is the emphasis on sustainable development of agriculture. The policy recognizes that long-term productivity growth must be based on conservation and efficient use of natural resources such as soil, water, and biodiversity. It advocates integrated nutrient management, integrated pest management, and watershed development to prevent soil degradation and depletion of water resources. Another important feature is the focus on diversification of agriculture. The policy encourages farmers to move beyond traditional cereal-based cropping systems towards high-value crops such as horticulture, floriculture, medicinal plants, oilseeds, pulses, and livestock enterprises. This diversification is aimed at increasing farm incomes, generating employment opportunities in rural areas, and reducing vulnerability to market and climatic risks. Allied activities such as dairy, fisheries, poultry, and agro-forestry are given due importance as integral components of a resilient agricultural system. The policy also stresses strengthening agricultural research and extension systems. It seeks to revitalize agricultural universities, research institutions, and extension services to ensure the dissemination ____ _____ __________ _____ ______ _______ _____ ____ __________ ___ _______ ___.
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