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The Arabs played a crucial role in the preservation, development, and transmission of scientific knowledge during the medieval period, especially from the 8th to the 14th century, often referred to as the Islamic Golden Age. Their contributions spanned various fields such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, chemistry, and engineering, significantly influencing the progress of science both in the East and later in Europe. One of the most salient aspects of Arab contribution was their role in preserving and translating ancient Greek, Roman, Indian, and Persian scientific texts. Scholars in the Arab world translated works of Aristotle, Ptolemy, Galen, and Indian mathematicians _______ _____ ___ _________ _______ _________ ________ _____ __________ ___ _____.
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