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In medical surgical nursing, the nurse plays a vital role in the systematic collection of history and thorough physical examination of a patient with cardiovascular disorder. Accurate and comprehensive assessment forms the foundation for diagnosis, planning of care, implementation of interventions, and evaluation of outcomes. The nurse’s role begins with establishing a therapeutic relationship, ensuring privacy, and creating a comfortable environment so that the patient feels safe to share relevant information. During history collection, the nurse gathers detailed information about the chief complaint such as chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations, syncope, fatigue, or edema. The nurse assesses the onset, duration, intensity, location, radiation, precipitating and relieving factors of symptoms, especially chest pain using standardized methods such as OLDCART or PQRST. Associated symptoms like sweating, nausea, dizziness, or cough are also explored. Past medical history is ______ ______ ___ __________ _____ ______ ______ __________.
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