Discuss the different Equity Valuation Techniques in detail. Compare these techniques based on their methodology and explain which technique is relevant in which case.

Equity valuation techniques are methods used by analysts, investors, and financial professionals to determine the value of a company’s stock. These techniques are crucial in assessing whether a stock is overvalued, undervalued, or fairly priced based on the company's financial performance and market conditions. The most commonly used valuation techniques are the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method, Comparable Company Analysis (CCA), Precedent Transactions Analysis (PTA), Dividend Discount Model (DDM), and Asset-Based Valuation.

### 1. Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Method
The DCF method is one of the most widely used equity valuation techniques. It involves projecting the company’s future cash flows and discounting them to their present value using a required rate of return (usually the Weighted Average Cost of Capital or WACC). The DCF model assumes that the value of a company is derived from the future cash flows it can generate.

The process begins by forecasting the company’s cash flows over a specific period, typically 5-10 years, followed by a terminal value which accounts for the company's value beyond the forecast period. These projected cash flows are then discounted to their present value. The sum of these values gives the intrinsic value of the company’s equity.

#### Advantages:
- Provides a detailed, company-specific valuation.
- Focuses on cash flows, which are a strong indicator of a company’s financial health.

#### Disadvantages:
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