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The energy sector is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions worldwide, primarily due to the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These fuels have historically powered industries, transport, and households but at the cost of releasing carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, driving global warming and climate change. In this context, renewable energy has emerged as a central strategy for both mitigation and adaptation to climate change. By replacing carbon-intensive energy sources with cleaner alternatives such as solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, and geothermal, renewable energy contributes significantly to reducing greenhouse gas emissions while simultaneously enhancing energy security and resilience. One of the most important contributions of renewable energy to climate change mitigation lies in its ability to directly displace fossil fuel-based power generation. Electricity generation from coal remains the single largest source of global CO₂ emissions. By transitioning towards renewable energy, countries reduce dependence on coal-fired power plants, thereby avoiding the release of millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide annually. Solar photovoltaic systems and wind turbines, for example, produce electricity without burning fuel, and thus have near-zero operational emissions. Similarly, hydropower harnesses the natural flow of water to produce electricity, offering another low-carbon alternative. The International Energy Agency has estimated that a large-scale shift towards renewable energy could reduce nearly two-thirds of global emissions from the power sector by mid-century, illustrating the scale of impact renewables can achieve. Beyond direct reductions, renewable energy technologies also play a role in decarbonizing other sectors through electrification. Transportation, one of the fastest-growing sources of emissions, can significantly cut its ________ _______ ______ _________ _________ __________ _______ _______ _______ _________ ________ ______.
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