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Colonial historiography in India refers to the body of historical writings produced during British colonial rule, primarily by British administrators, missionaries, and scholars. These writings emerged in the 18th and 19th centuries and significantly shaped the early understanding of Indian history. Colonial historiography was driven by both academic curiosity and political motives. It aimed to understand India for better governance while justifying British imperial rule. This body of work reflected Eurocentric perspectives and colonial biases, and often undermined or misrepresented indigenous historical traditions. One of the most prominent features of colonial historiography was its division of Indian history into three periods—Hindu, Muslim, and British. This tripartite division was introduced by James Mill in his *History of British India* (1817), where he argued that Indian society was uncivilized and required the civilizing mission of the British. Mill did not visit India, yet his work became extremely influential. He portrayed the Hindu period as one of superstition and stagnation, the Muslim period as one of despotism and intolerance, and the British period as an age of progress and enlightenment. This framework deeply influenced subsequent writings and shaped colonial administrative attitudes. Colonial historians often focused on political and administrative history, especially _____ ____ ____ ________ _______ ______ _________.
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