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The Brahmanical structures at Nagarjunakonda, located in the present-day Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, represent an important phase of early Indian temple architecture dating back to the 3rd to 4th centuries CE, during the rule of the Ikshvaku dynasty. Though Nagarjunakonda is primarily known for its Buddhist remains, the site also houses significant Brahmanical monuments which provide valuable insights into early Hindu religious architecture in South India. These architectural features reflect a syncretic blend of regional building traditions, early experimentation with temple forms, and the evolution of religious iconography and space utilization. The Brahmanical structures at Nagarjunakonda are mostly associated with Vaishnavism and Shaivism, which were supported by the ruling Ikshvakus alongside Buddhism. These temples were primarily constructed using limestone and bricks and are characterized by a distinct plan which integrates mandapas (pillared halls), garbhagrihas (sanctum sanctorum), pradakshina pathas (circumambulatory paths), and occasionally, subsidiary shrines. The temples typically followed a square or rectangular plan, with a clear axial alignment that directed the devotee’s movement from the entrance to the sanctum. The most prominent architectural unit in these structures was the garbhagriha, which housed the main deity. This sanctum was usually located at the western end of the __________ ____ __________ ______ __________ _______ _________.
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